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Trump’s shadow over Europe: a turning point

Politics Materials 23 January 2025 18:27 (UTC +04:00)
Trump’s shadow over Europe: a turning point
Elchin Alioghlu
Elchin Alioghlu
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Donald Trump is back in the driver’s seat, and this time, he’s not just idling at the curb—he’s flooring the gas. His return to the White House, after a four-year intermission, has jolted the world like a seismic shockwave. That infamous slogan, "America First," isn’t just campaign bravado anymore—it’s the wrecking ball aimed squarely at the fragile architecture of the global order. And guess who’s bracing for the biggest hit? Europe.

This isn’t a drill. Trump’s playbook is as clear as it is brutal: economic nationalism on steroids, trade wars without boundaries, and an unapologetic mantra of "my way or the highway." For Europe, it’s not just unsettling—it’s existential. Trump’s rhetoric is already ricocheting through the corridors of Brussels and Berlin, and the implications are nothing short of a geopolitical gut punch.

A Shakedown, Trump Style

Let’s not sugarcoat this: Trump’s first moves are already shaking the foundations of Europe’s economy. His promise to turn the U.S. into a “fortress of American prosperity” comes with a steep price tag—for everyone else. Tariffs on Chinese goods? Check. Tariffs on European autos, machinery, and pharmaceuticals? You betcha. And they’re not small potatoes either—20% hikes across the board are staring Europe down like a loaded barrel.

But tariffs are just the opening salvo. Trump’s brainchild, the External Revenue Service, is a bureaucratic wrecking crew designed to milk foreign exporters dry. It’s not just an economic policy; it’s a declaration of economic warfare. European manufacturers are staring at higher costs, reduced market access, and the looming specter of layoffs. Meanwhile, American producers are gearing up to lap up the spoils.

Germany’s Worst Nightmare

If Europe is the battleground, Germany is the front line. For decades, it’s been the economic heart of the EU, exporting everything from luxury cars to industrial equipment to the U.S. But Trump? He’s not buying what Germany’s selling—literally and figuratively.

Here’s the kicker: In 2023, Germany shipped €157 billion worth of goods to the U.S., but that success story comes with a bitter subplot—a €69.3 billion trade deficit for America. Trump’s tariff hammer is set to hit Germany hardest, with 300,000 jobs already on the chopping block, and ripple effects that could triple that number. The German economy, limping after two years of stagnation, is staring down the barrel of a recession.

And just when you think it couldn’t get worse, here comes China, swooping into Europe’s markets like a fox in the henhouse. Cheap labor, cutthroat pricing, and aggressive competition? Germany’s manufacturers are already sweating bullets. The domino effect of Trump’s policies is forcing Europe to weigh retaliatory tariffs—a risky gambit that could further destabilize global markets.

Europe’s Fractured Front

Here’s the rub: Europe isn’t united, and Trump knows it. Eastern Europe—think Poland and the Baltics—is clinging to America like a security blanket, terrified of Russian aggression. Meanwhile, countries like Hungary and Italy are practically waving Trump flags, thrilled by his far-right dog whistles and nationalist fervor.

On the flip side, you’ve got France, led by Emmanuel Macron, who’s trying to rally the troops for a more autonomous Europe. Strategic independence is the buzzword, but let’s be real—it’s a steep hill to climb when half the continent is still looking across the Atlantic for answers.

For Europe, Trump’s second term is the harshest of wake-up calls. The fairy tale of transatlantic partnership, where the U.S. was the benevolent big brother, is officially dead and buried. What’s left is a cold, hard truth: America’s interests don’t align with Europe’s, and they never really did.

So, what now? Europe’s got two choices. The first is to keep playing second fiddle to Washington, swallowing the bitter pills of dependency and diminished sovereignty. The second is to grow a backbone—forge its own path, build its own defense systems, and finally stop waiting for Uncle Sam to save the day.

But let’s not kid ourselves. That second path? It’s no walk in the park. Internal divisions, far-right populism fueled by Trump and his enablers, and the sheer inertia of decades-long dependency all stand in the way. Still, if there’s ever been a time for Europe to step up, it’s now.

The stakes couldn’t be higher. Trump’s America is playing hardball, and Europe has no choice but to respond. Whether it’s developing a unified military force, slashing reliance on the dollar, or finally putting the "union" back in the European Union, the clock is ticking.

One thing’s for sure: The days of idealized transatlantic “friendship” are over. In a world where Trump roars “America First,” Europe must find the courage to shout back, “Europe First.”

Donald Trump’s second term isn’t just a rerun of his first—it’s a seismic shift that promises to redefine global politics. Nationalism and economic self-interest are set to dominate the international stage, with Trump’s America unapologetically leading the charge. For Europe, this isn’t just a challenge—it’s a reckoning. Will the continent remain a bystander in someone else’s game, or will it seize the moment to carve out its own destiny?

One thing is certain: the world as we knew it is gone. Europe faces a critical juncture where it must reassess its values, its strategies, and its role in a volatile global order. Trump’s leadership—brazen, unpredictable, and hyper-focused on U.S. primacy—demands a response from Europe that is quicker and bolder than ever before.

The Political Landscape: Tension, Division, and Unpredictability

Trump’s return to the White House has plunged international relations into a new era of tension and instability. His policies are laser-focused on fortifying American imperialism, with scant regard for the interests of allies. Europe, a steadfast U.S. partner for decades, now finds itself grappling with challenges that could permanently alter its political and economic architecture.

Trump’s strategy thrives on polarization and coercion. European nations are bracing for the economic fallout of the Ukraine war, the financial burden of increased NATO defense spending, and the repercussions of aggressive U.S. efforts to contain China. These moves, designed to bolster U.S. dominance, are already threatening the EU’s cohesion and strategic interests.

Germany’s Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock has called for greater European integration as a countermeasure to Trump’s agenda:

“The answer to Trump’s ‘America First’ policy must be a ‘United Europe.’ Everyone understands that European integration often progresses in times of crisis. Europe will remain united because it has no other choice.”

Yet, as German political analyst Thomas Kleine-Brockhoff warns, the scope of the challenges confronting Europe extends far beyond what the continent has faced before:

“America is not just reverting to nationalism and isolationism but embracing absolute unpredictability.”

In recent months, Donald Trump and Elon Musk have taken their meddling in European affairs to new heights, leveraging financial clout and media platforms to support far-right movements across the continent. This interference has deepened ideological divides within the EU, threatening to fragment the bloc into three distinct factions.

  • U.S. Allies: Poland and the Baltic states remain staunchly aligned with Washington, driven by fears of Russian aggression. In 2023 alone, Poland received $7.4 billion in military aid, including Abrams tanks and F-35 jets, while Lithuania and Estonia raised their defense budgets to 3% of GDP—well above NATO’s 2% threshold.
  • The Hesitant Ally: Germany, despite its cautious approach to U.S. relations, has become increasingly dependent on American support due to the energy crisis and the Ukraine conflict. The U.S. now supplies 40% of Germany’s LNG needs, and in 2023, Berlin spent over €8 billion on American weapons.
  • Autonomy Seekers: France, under Emmanuel Macron, has emerged as a vocal proponent of European independence. With €6 billion allocated to EU defense projects in 2024 and a joint Franco-German fighter jet program challenging U.S. dominance, France is rallying allies like Spain, Portugal, and Greece to reduce reliance on Washington.

Germany: A Nation at the Mercy of Dependence

Germany, often a model of cautious diplomacy, now finds itself tethered to Washington in ways that undermine its autonomy. The twin crises of energy shortages and war in Ukraine have made Germany heavily reliant on American LNG and military support, pushing it into a subservient role in transatlantic relations.

This growing dependency is reshaping Germany’s position within Europe and beyond. As Berlin pours billions into American-made defense systems and leans on U.S. energy supplies, its ability to act independently is increasingly compromised.

Trump’s Allies Within the EU: Italy and Hungary

Donald Trump’s second term is already redrawing political alignments across Europe, with Italy and Hungary emerging as key allies of the former U.S. president’s agenda. These nations, led by far-right governments, are aligning with Trump’s rhetoric of nationalism, conservatism, and Euroscepticism, posing a direct challenge to the unity and stability of the European Union.

In Italy, Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s far-right administration has embraced Trump’s vision, echoing his emphasis on domestic priorities over international obligations. Italy’s decision to scale back arms shipments to Ukraine aligns closely with Trump’s “America First” mantra, signaling a broader shift in Rome’s foreign policy.

  • Fact: In 2024, Elon Musk’s Tesla opened a research center in Italy, widely seen as a nod of economic support to Meloni’s government.
  • Consequence: Italy is cementing its role as a U.S. ally within the EU, a move that undermines the bloc’s cohesion and strengthens far-right narratives.

In Hungary, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has positioned himself as Trump’s most vocal supporter in Europe. Orbán’s endorsement of Trump as “the only Western leader capable of bringing peace to Ukraine” is more than political posturing—it reflects Hungary’s ongoing resistance to EU initiatives, particularly sanctions against Russia and military aid to Kyiv.

  • Fact: In 2024, Hungarian government-controlled media received significant financial backing from U.S. business figures, including Elon Musk.
  • Consequence: This influx of funding reinforces Hungary’s Euroscepticism and erodes the EU’s collective decision-making ability.

The Autonomous Bloc: France and Its Allies

As Italy and Hungary tighten their bonds with Washington, France is rallying a coalition of nations committed to reducing Europe’s dependence on the United States. Under President Emmanuel Macron, France has become the epicenter of the movement for strategic European autonomy, championing initiatives to bolster the EU’s defense and economic independence.

  • Fact: In 2024, France increased funding for EU defense projects, including the establishment of a dedicated European army.
  • Fact: In 2023, France and Germany launched a joint program to develop next-generation fighter jets, challenging the dominance of U.S.-made F-35s.

Macron’s vision has resonated with nations like Spain, Portugal, and Greece, forming a potential bloc aimed at asserting Europe’s sovereignty.

  • Consequence: This growing coalition could accelerate the creation of a unified European defense strategy and reduce the continent’s reliance on the U.S. dollar in trade and finance.

Trump’s policies, both domestic and international, have thrust Europe into a precarious position. Internal divisions are deepening, driven by conflicting loyalties to Washington and competing visions of Europe’s future.

  • Option One: Align with the U.S., sacrificing long-term political and economic independence in exchange for short-term security guarantees.
  • Option Two: Forge a new path focused on deeper integration and strategic autonomy, resisting external pressures to assert Europe’s role as a global power.

The stakes are immense. Trump’s protectionist trade policies, combined with his overt support for far-right movements, are already straining the EU’s internal unity. Nations like Poland and the Baltic states remain firmly tethered to the U.S. for security against Russia, while France and its allies push for independence.

France: The Vanguard of European Autonomy

France, under President Emmanuel Macron, has emerged as the strongest voice against Trump’s influence in Europe. Macron’s push for strategic autonomy underscores a broader vision: an independent Europe capable of securing its own defense and economic future without leaning on Washington.

  • Fact: In 2024, France boosted funding for EU defense projects to €6 billion, signaling a shift away from full reliance on NATO.
  • Fact: In 2023, France and Germany signed a landmark agreement to develop a next-generation fighter jet, challenging the dominance of U.S.-made F-35s.

Macron’s call for independence is gaining traction among smaller nations like Spain, Portugal, and Greece. While these countries lack the economic clout of Germany or France, their alignment with Macron’s vision strengthens the movement toward reducing dependence on the U.S.

  • Forecast: As tensions between the EU and the U.S. rise, the drive for a unified European army and a fortified internal market is likely to accelerate, reshaping the EU’s geopolitical posture.

Donald Trump and Elon Musk have become unlikely architects of Europe’s fragmentation, using their financial influence and media reach to embolden far-right populism. By supporting nationalist leaders and parties, they are deepening ideological rifts within the EU and jeopardizing its stability.

  • Consequence: Far-right forces, inspired by Trump’s rhetoric, could derail critical EU initiatives on climate policy and economic integration, plunging the bloc into internal crises.
  • Long-Term Risk: A split between Central and Eastern Europe, aligning closer with U.S. policies, and Western Europe, striving for autonomy, threatens the EU’s unity and global influence.

Trump’s Playbook: Pressure and Protectionism

At the core of Trump’s second-term agenda is an aggressive brand of protectionism aimed at securing American economic dominance. One of his first actions was to impose tariffs on imports from Europe, China, and Canada, with European automobiles and machinery among the hardest hit.

  • Example: The 20% tariff hike on European goods significantly undercuts the export-driven economies of Germany and France.
  • Consequence: These measures have triggered economic instability in Europe, with Germany, the EU’s largest economy, particularly vulnerable.

Trump’s demands don’t stop at trade. He’s turning up the heat on NATO allies, insisting they increase defense spending to 3% of GDP.

  • Fact: This mandate places a disproportionate burden on Southern European nations like Italy and Greece, whose fragile economies are already stretched thin.

Trump’s second-term policies are creating a wave of discontent among U.S. allies and sparking resistance across the globe.

  • European Backlash: Anti-American sentiment is surging, bolstering the popularity of leftist and green parties advocating for a more autonomous EU.
  • Global Unrest: Trump’s intensified pressure on developing nations, escalating tensions with China, and unwavering support for Israel are likely to fuel protests, anti-globalization movements, and geopolitical instability.

Donald Trump’s unabashed support for far-right movements across Europe, including Italy’s Brothers of Italy and Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz party in Hungary, is sowing discord within the European Union. Financial backing and media influence—often orchestrated by figures like Elon Musk—have amplified political polarization, weakening trust in EU institutions and threatening the bloc’s cohesion.

  • Example: Investments in far-right media outlets in Hungary and Italy have emboldened Euroscepticism, challenging the EU’s authority.
  • Consequence: This growing rift has created a dangerous divide between nations aligned with the U.S. and those striving for greater autonomy.

Trump’s influence, combined with internal EU tensions, risks splitting the bloc into three distinct factions:

U.S. Allies: Nations like Poland and the Baltic states remain firmly tethered to Washington, viewing the U.S. as a vital security partner against Russia. Trump’s Ideological Allies: Hungary, Italy, and other countries with strong far-right movements align with Trump’s nationalist vision, undermining collective EU policies. Autonomy Seekers: France, along with Spain, Portugal, and Greece, advocates for an independent foreign policy free from U.S. influence.

This fragmentation not only jeopardizes the EU’s internal stability but also erodes its credibility as a unified global player.

Trump’s policies are catalyzing a surge in anti-American sentiment across Europe, as public discontent with Washington’s heavy-handed approach continues to grow.

  • Forecast: Political parties advocating for strategic European autonomy, such as the Greens in Germany and leftist factions in France, are poised to gain momentum.
  • Backdrop: Tariff hikes on European goods and demands for NATO allies to increase defense spending to 3% of GDP are widely seen as direct U.S. interference in Europe’s sovereignty.

The economic strain from these policies, coupled with the political tension they generate, is pushing Europe closer to a breaking point.

Global Antagonism: Trump’s Ripple Effect

Europe is far from the only region bearing the brunt of Trump’s second-term agenda. His aggressive policies are reshaping global alliances, fueling resistance, and intensifying antagonism toward the United States.

  • In Asia: Escalated economic and military pressure on China is heightening tensions in the Pacific, strengthening anti-American coalitions.
  • In Latin America: U.S. support for conservative regimes and interference in domestic affairs are sparking waves of protest and resistance.
  • In the Middle East: Sanctions on Iran and unwavering support for Israel are exacerbating instability, with ripple effects hitting Europe through migration crises and energy disruptions.

Europe now faces a stark choice: remain dependent on the U.S., sacrificing political and economic independence, or forge a path of strategic autonomy.

  • Optimistic Scenario: Europe seizes this moment to deepen integration, creating a unified military, expanding its internal market, and reducing reliance on the dollar.
  • Pessimistic Scenario: Rising far-right movements, increased internal divisions, and weakened collective policies could lead to the EU’s effective fragmentation.

Donald Trump’s presidency is a wake-up call that Europe can no longer afford to ignore. The veil of transatlantic friendship has been lifted, revealing a stark reality: Europe must stand on its own.

To survive and thrive in this new era, the EU must summon the political will to assert its autonomy, deepen its integration, and proclaim its own priorities. In a world where Trump declares "America First," Europe’s only viable response is to echo back with conviction: "Europe First."

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