Nigeria's Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, formally appointed on Monday as the seventh director-general of the World Trade Organization (WTO), vowed to tackle her top priorities of fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic and promoting the free flow of vaccines and medical supplies, breaking the logjam in the dispute settlement mechanism and reaching a deal to cut fisheries subsidies, Trend reports citing Xinhua.
Okonjo-Iweala, the first woman and the first African to be chosen as director-general of the 26-year-old global trade body, promised deep and wide-ranging reforms in her first virtual press conference following the appointment by consensus during the WTO's General Council.
"We have the twin shocks of the pandemic, the health side and the economic side, which is challenging so many and it has brought economic devastation to many parts of the world," she told reporters. "The WTO at this point in time is facing so many challenges. It cannot be business as usual at the WTO."
"We also have the issue of lack of trust which has built up over time, not just between the U.S. and China but also between developing and developed country members," she said.
FREE FLOW OF VACCINES
Listing her top priorities, the former Nigerian finance minister and World Bank veteran said: "First and foremost, we need to focus on the issue of COVID-19 and what the WTO can do to contribute to solutions. It needs to work with the WHO, with the COVAX Facility, with the ACT Accelerator, all these organizations that are trying to accelerate supplies and vaccines to poor countries."
She said that the WTO could work with members to lift export restrictions to facilitate the free flow of vaccines and medical supplies.
Okonjo-Iweala previously chaired the board of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, which works with the World Health Organisation (WHO) on the COVAX initiative for equitable global access to COVID-19 vaccines in poorer countries.
"COVID-19 is an opportunity for the WTO to have a success and show what it can do, both in the short term and in the long term."
The director-general designate said the WTO and its members could encourage countries to lift export restrictions in a bid to ensure the free flow of medical commodities, stressing that "vaccine nationalism does not pay."
"Secondly, how can we encourage and find a third way in which vaccines can be manufactured in many more countries, whilst we don't discourage research and innovation."
DISPUTE SYSTEM REFORM
Another top task Okonjo-Iweala mentioned is the unlocking of the WTO's dysfunctional dispute settlement system. The Appellate Body, considered as the supreme court for global trade disputes, is supposed to have seven judges and needs a minimum of three to function. It has been paralyzed since Dec. 11, 2019.
"This is a priority to really reform that and take into account the inputs of all members to make sure we come up with a dispute settlement system that works for all."
She also stressed that negotiations on digital trade will become increasingly important, underlining that the WTO currently does not currently have rules governing e-commerce. "There is a need to modernize the rules of the WTO and bring them up to the 21st century issues. We have to look at the digital economy which has become so prominent during this pandemic."
Okonjo-Iweala said she hoped to complete negotiations on fisheries subsidies during the 12th WTO ministerial conference (MC12) in Kazakhstan's capital Nur-Sultan later this year.
The fish subsidy talks, ongoing since 2001, aim at cutting billions of dollars in subsidies that contribute to overfishing and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.
PROMOTING FREE TRADE
Among the congratulatory messages for becoming the WTO's new leader, Christine Lagarde, President of the European Central Bank, wrote in a tweet: "Congratulations to my friend Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala on becoming the first female Director-General of the WTO. I've known Ngozi for many years. Her strong will and determination will drive her to tirelessly promote free trade to the benefit of people worldwide."
Pamela Coke-Hamilton, Executive Director of the International Trade Center (ITC) in Geneva, tweeted that the ITC will work closely with Okonjo-Iweala to "revitalize the multilateral trading system, bring the voice of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) into the debate, and make trade more inclusive."
During her first days in office, Okonjo-Iweala said she would use the political momentum to meet with WTO ambassadors in Geneva as well as her staff in the Secretariat.
She will start her renewable term on March 1, which will expire on Aug. 31, 2025.